How does Hitler’s Seizure of Power in Germany help us define Fascism? E

Hitler’s regime in Germany is commonly referred to as Nazism, and is identified in the theories of both Sternhell and Payne, which they conclude to be completely divergent from Italian fascism. If this is the case, then Paxton’s five stages of fascism are proven to be invalid; as, like Mussolini in Italy, Hitler’s regime in Germany shows direct resemblance to these stages, as the latter parts of this chapter will show. With the signing of the armistice, that formally ended World War One, on November 11 1918, Germany respectively lost the war. Six months after the signing, the representatives at the Paris Peace Conferences, were finally able to conclude the peace treaties, which was signed on June 28 1919. The Treaty of Versailles was to have dire effects on Germany, effects that arguably completely altered the nature of her future. As part of the terms of this settlement, Germany was radically changed; in terms of: legal and military restrictions, territorial changes and also, as a result of Article 231, Germany were blamed for starting the war, which formally became known as the war guilt clause, which stated: ‘The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by t he aggression of Germany and her allies’ . The sum, was later determined in 1921, to be  £6000million. In terms of legal restrictions, articles 227 to 231 tried many German officials, including Emperor Wilhelm ll, as war criminals. Furthermore, Germany saw its military, in all forms, air, land and sea, vastly restricted. The German public w... ...orship. Works Cited Allan Todd – The European Dictatorships – Hitler, Stalin and Mussolini – Cambridge university press (2002) Stanley G Payne – Fascism: Comparison and Definition – University of Wisconsin Press – 1980 Walter Laqueur – Fascism: Past, Present and Future – Oxford University Press – 1997 Roger Griffin – Essays in the 20th century World History – Heinemann London 1999 A.J Gregor – Young Mussolini and the intellectual Origins of Fascism – California Press 1979 Martin Kolinsky – Continuity and Change in European Society: France, Germany and Italy since 1870 – 1974 Palgrave Macmillan Martin Blinkhorn – Mussolini and Fascist Italy – third edition – Routledge 2006 Sharma, Urmila. Western Political Thought. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors (P) Ltd, 1998. p. 66. Philip Morgan, Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945, New York Tayolor & Francis 2003

Literary Concepts of Concord Hymn

The details in â€Å"Concord Hymn† really give great image of the characters and setting of this time period. The poem exalts a general spirit of revolution and freedom. â€Å"Concord Hymn† was written by Ralph Waldo Emerson and was originally sung at the completion of the Battle Monument known at the Old North Bridge. The monument is also known as Obelisk and is believed to the country’s first memorial to its war casualties. The first stanza is the key to the poem: By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood. And fired the shot heard round the world (Roberts and Zweig, 891). Emerson knows the outcome and can describe in detail the emotions around the War. â€Å"By the rude Bridge that arched the flood† lets readers know that the author is describing the bridge as one that is very basic and simply structured and positioned over the Concord River which was at its highest level in April. â€Å"Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled† lets us know clearly that this occurred in April and the wind was blowing. The â€Å"Embattled farmers† refers to the men, which consisted of townsfolk and where not part of any regular army. The shot heard' round the world† refers to the fact that the American Revolution inspired not just Americans, but inspired people all over the world to fight against injustice The second stanza which follows gives detail as to the participants in the War whom are dead: The foe long since in silence slept; Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; And Time the ruined bridge has swept Down the dark stream which seaward creeps (Roberts and Zweig, 891). In stanza two the poem is stating that the participants on both sides of the battle have long been deceased described as â€Å"sleep† which is a common metaphor for dead. The reader also learns in stanza two the bridge was ruined and swept down the Concord River. (PoertyFoundation, 2013) The following stanza is details of the monument being placed in Concord, Massachusetts: On this green bank, by this soft stream, We set today a votive stone; That memory may their deed redeem, When, like our sires, our sons are gone (Roberts and Zweig, 891&892). â€Å"Votive stone† is the Obelisk Monument that was placed by the Concord River as a memory of all the people whom fought and died in the Battle of Concord. The town of Concord is now a popular attraction for both history and literature. The last stanza of the poem which follows the readers can see this Battale was about freedom: Spirit, that made those spirits dare To die, and leave their children free, Bid Time and Nature gently spare The shaft we raise to them and thee (Roberts and Zweig, 892). Emerson writes about the spirits, noting that there were deaths involved, leaving behind family but doing so for their families to now be free. The remembrance flag that is being raised is to honor those who have gone and also to remind those who are now left to carry on never forgetting the history of these brave Americans and what happened that day.

Seeking The Truth In Literature - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 599 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/28 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Truth Essay Did you like this example? Communication, what a usual word to say and hear. If you let me take your point of view to a little different dimension, where this word becomes much deeper and meaningful. Communication is the heart of society, it is what makes people something. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Seeking The Truth In Literature" essay for you Create order Some can use it perfectly, some doesn’t even know how to use it, some doesn’t need words to communicate, some use the enormous amount of words to say something unimportant. Today the writer of this paper is going to mention the ones who do the both. The authors. Some authors can take you different places, some of them can raise your heartbeat while some of them make you cry. Joan Didion writer of â€Å"Blue Nights† once said, â€Å"In certain latitudes there comes a span of time approaching and following the summer solstice, some weeks in all when the twilights turn long and blue.† This paper will consider, criticize and praise that sentence by going deeper, maybe darker, maybe lighter. The sentence â€Å"In certain latitudes there comes a span of time approaching and following the summer solstice, some weeks in all when the twilights turn long and blue.† Seems little scientific first time you see it but apparently it is not. Didion talks about that span of time that happens after summer solstice when the twilights turn long and blue. Those times when the night is blue and long Didion has some feelings, good or bad who knows? Some people like the long blue nights others like sunny shiny days with a little gentle breeze. Are you one of those who like dark, long and blue nights or one of those who likes the light and hates the darkness? That mentality should be behind of this sentence. If we push hard and try to understand Didion’s point of view; if this sentence is celebrating the solstice, because of days will start shortening and nights start longing we can easily say that he loves those long and blue nights. But this does not prove anything because t he nights that mentioned in sentence; â€Å"In certain latitudes there comes a span of time approaching and following the summer solstice, some weeks in all, when the twilights turn long and blue.† might have made him remember something bad like someone’s death, some ended relationship or the day that he lost his muse to write. Understanding an author’s point of view is not an easy thing for an ordinary person. We can only deduce whether he is talking about something nice or not. We were talking about the importance of communication of the beginning of this paper. This is one of the important moments to understand communication’s quality. The full sentence that Didion wrote in his book â€Å"Blue Nights† was ‘In certain latitudes there comes a span of time approaching and following the summer solstice†¦when the twilights turn long and blue†¦You pass a window, you walk to the central park, you find yourself swimming in the colour blue.’ Getting the correct and full information is one of the essential elements of communication. By looking at the full sentence we can easily understand that; Didion or the character that he created for his book, love those nights. Being that prejudiced is not always a good idea. After all, even if we read the whole book we can never kn ow what character or Didion thinks may be passing a window and walking to central park is a way for him to mourn. Even if we get the full properties of communication we can still be wrong.